Observation of External Wounding on Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall) Trees Associated with Tree Injection Systems

Field observations of external wounds associated with two common tree injection methods compared open (plug-less) and sealed (plug) systems in green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall) trees. A wound from any cause within 1.37 m above the ground was 28.8% all The system had statistically fewer (p < 0.001) trees at least one (11.6% trees) than (47.4% trees). (0.17, 0.04 SE) per a smaller total area (25.5 cm2, 8.7 tree, to (1.14, 0.13 (99.7 16.2 tree. incidence wound(s) 7.2 times more likely treated though system. Wounds were observed appear have high rate improper application plugs, which 77% cases explain wounds. Implications study results are further provided best protect trees, while same time reducing wounding on